The different regions of the macula

The macular region of eye is made up of the umbo, foveola, fovea, parafoveal and perifoveal.

• Umbo is placed at center of fovea's foveola and the foveola is located at center of its fovea.
• The fovea contains the highest concentration of cone cells
• Located in the middle of the fovea, the foveola is roughly 0.35 millimeters in diameter and consists of solely cone cells and a cone-shaped region of Müller cells.
• It has been shown that there are more cone receptors in the foveola than everywhere else in the retina, allowing it to have the best visual clarity.
• Because the cones do not fully form until many months after birth, a newborn's central focus is imperfect.

References

1. Anatomy of the Retina: https://www.eophtha.com/posts/anatomy-of-retina.
2. Facts and Figures concerning the human retina: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11556/
3. Wikipedia - Foveola https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foveola
4. https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchopht.117.6.821
5. Zeitz, Oliver. "Myron Yanoff and Jay S. Duker: Ophthalmology." (2019)
6. Snell, Richard S., and Michael A. Lemp. Clinical anatomy of the eye. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
7. The contributions of central versus peripheral vision to scene gist recognition
8. Subretinal surgery: functional and histological consequences of entry into the subretinal space